Know your Glycolytic enzymes

We all know that in glycolysis there are 10 reactions controlled by 10 enzymes. These are:

Phase 1                                                                          

• Hexokinase: It catalyses alpha D-Glucose and ATP to Glucose-6-Phosphate (G6P) and ADP by phosphorylation.
• Phosphoglucose isomerase: This catalyses G6P to its isomer Fructose-6-phosphate (F6P). This occurs by changing the carbonyl oxygen from the C1 position on the G6P to the C2 position on F6P

•  Phosphofructokinase: Catalyses F6P and ATP to Fructose-1, 6-Bisphosphate (F1, 6PP) and ADP.
• Fructose-Bisphosphate aldolase: Catalyses F1,6PP to split into  Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate (DHAP) and Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate (G3P)
• Triosephosphate isomerase: This catalyses DHAP to turn into G3P because only G3P can be used in the reaction.

Phase 2

• Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase:  Catalyses G3P, NAD and Pi to 1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate (1,3 BPG), NADH and H⁺
• Phosphoglycerate kinase: Catalyses 1,3 BPG and ADP to 3-Phosphoglycerate and ATP
• Phosphoglycerate mutase: Catalyses 3PG to 2-Phosphoglycerate (2PG)
• Enolase: Catalyses 2PG to Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and H₂O.
• Pyruvate kinase: It catalyses PEP and ADP to Pyruvate and ATP.

Diagram showing Glycolysis

Untitled. 2014. : http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/potm/2004_2/Page1.htm (accessed 17 Mar 2014).